<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title data-rh="true">Hunt Linux Malware with Cgroups. 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0-.18-.19c-.02-.01-.02-.03-.02-.04l-.02-.02a.37.37 0 0 1-.1-.12c-.03-.03-.05-.04-.05-.06l-.1-.15-.02-.02-.02-.04-.08-.17v-.02a5.1 5.1 0 0 1-.28-.69 1.03 1.03 0 0 1-.04-.26c-.06-.23-.1-.46-.1-.7v.01z" fill="#A8A8A8"></path></svg></span></button></div></div></div></div></header><span class="l"></span><section><div><div class="fp as jb jc jd je"></div><div class="jf jg jh ji jj"><div class=""><h1 id="3193" class="pw-post-title jk jl jm bn jn jo jp jq jr js jt ju jv jw jx jy jz ka kb kc kd ke kf kg kh ki gb">Hunt Linux Malware with Cgroups</h1></div><p id="f135" class="pw-post-body-paragraph kj kk jm kl b km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg jf gb"><strong class="kl jn">CGroups, </strong>or more formally known as <strong class="kl jn">control groups</strong> are a relatively new addition to the Linux kernel. Originally debuting in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and Linux 2.6.24, cgroups allow a user to allocate resources like CPU time, bandwidth across a network, or RAM. Cgroups provide administrators granular control of system resources along with process accounting, thus exponentially increasing efficiency.</p><h1 id="aee7" class="lh li jm bn lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me gb"><strong class="ba">Setting the Stage</strong></h1><p id="9a5b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph kj kk jm kl b km mf ko kp kq mg ks kt ku mh kw kx ky mi la lb lc mj le lf lg jf gb">Processes in Linux are spawned by either <strong class="kl jn">fork()</strong> or <strong class="kl jn">execve()</strong> system calls and all processes on a Linux system are <strong class="kl jn">children of the init process,</strong> which is started by the kernel at boot. It should also be annotated that every process on a Linux system <strong class="kl jn">inherits the system environment</strong> (think PATH) except for the <strong class="kl jn">init </strong>process. Moreover, in the context of cgroups, a child process created via <strong class="kl jn">fork()</strong> will <strong class="kl jn">inherit its parent’s cgroup membership</strong>. Any process that is created with <strong class="kl jn">execve()</strong> will have its <strong class="kl jn">cgroup membership preserved</strong>.</p><h1 id="4687" class="lh li jm bn lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me gb"><strong class="ba">A Quick Detour</strong></h1><p id="fb1a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph kj kk jm kl b km mf ko kp kq mg ks kt ku mh kw kx ky mi la lb lc mj le lf lg jf gb">To integrate our first malware hunting example, lets say there is a Linux device with a meterpreter binary called “<strong class="kl jn">atd</strong>”. As any casual Linux user will know “<strong class="kl jn">atd</strong>” is the legitimate precusor to the <strong class="kl jn">cron daemon </strong>and it can still be found on a variety of systems. Lets assume our threat actor has achieved <strong class="kl jn">root</strong> <strong class="kl jn">level permission</strong> on our compromised host and the <strong class="kl jn">atd </strong>malicious binary is their backdoor into the system. Scanning the output of a <strong class="kl jn">ps -elf </strong>command might not yield anything suspect as the <strong class="kl jn">atd </strong>binary was started with no command line arguments. (The legit atd binary will always be run with a <strong class="kl jn">-f</strong> command line argument, but for this example lets pretend like our incident response team missed that simple fact). However, when one examines the <strong class="kl jn">cgroup </strong>membership of that specific process with the methods taught below it will be clear that binary is illicit as it will show up in the <strong class="kl jn">user.slice</strong> cgroup. System binaries that are started by the kernel will <strong class="kl jn">always be in the system.slice not the user.slice cgroup</strong>. This is a dead give away that malicious activity has occurred on the system.</p><h1 id="a3e0" class="lh li jm bn lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me gb"><strong class="ba">CGroup Basics</strong></h1><p id="b60a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph kj kk jm kl b km mf ko kp kq mg ks kt ku mh kw kx ky mi la lb lc mj le lf lg jf gb">With that out of the way, let&#x27;s dive into examining cgroups through examples. Fundamentally cgroups <strong class="kl jn">are hierarchical</strong>, and a <strong class="kl jn">child cgroup inherits a multitude of attributes from its parent cgroup</strong>. This allows an organized hierarchical process view in terms of malware hunting. Running the command <strong class="kl jn">systemd-cgls — no-pager</strong> allows a malware hunter to view all the cgroups on a system. Ensure this command is run with root permissions!</p><figure class="ml mm mn mo gy mp gm gn paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="mq mr dp ms cf mt"><div class="gm gn mk"><img alt="" class="cf mu mv" src="https://miro.medium.com/max/1400/1*AT9fRfWCJ-xLVP8SF-O5Og.png" width="700" height="592" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></div></div></figure><p id="5fc8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph kj kk jm kl b km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg jf gb">We can see from the above output the <strong class="kl jn">user.slice</strong> and then all the other various processes subordinate to the <strong class="kl jn">user.slice cgroup</strong>. Moreover, shown are the full command-line arguments used to either <strong class="kl jn">fork()</strong> or <strong class="kl jn">execve()</strong> each process. This can immediately cue a savvy hunter onto suspicious activity on a Linux system that would be difficult to identify via other means.</p><p id="c989" class="pw-post-body-paragraph kj kk jm kl b km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg jf gb">Take the below example. We can see the highlighted <strong class="kl jn">systemd-udev.service</strong> and the binary associated to the service (<strong class="kl jn">/lib/systemd/systemd-udevd).</strong> It would be remiss not to note that this is<strong class="kl jn"> </strong>the legitimate path to the udev.service binary. This all is normal for the system.slice annotated at <strong class="kl jn">#67</strong>. However what if we were to notice “<strong class="kl jn">systemd-udevd.service</strong>” running in the context of the <strong class="kl jn">user.slice</strong>? That certainly wouldn&#x27;t add up and would require additional forensics to ascertain the binaries&#x27; true nature. The beauty of hunting via cgroups is user activity vice kernal activity is easy to spot, and thus discrepancies become glaring.</p><figure class="ml mm mn mo gy mp gm gn paragraph-image"><div class="gm gn mw"><img alt="" class="cf mu mv" src="https://miro.medium.com/max/1042/1*gDn651EQNAqnPbJs3WRavQ.png" width="521" height="266" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></div></figure><p id="93e9" class="pw-post-body-paragraph kj kk jm kl b km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg jf gb">To illustrate this concept lets spawn a <strong class="kl jn">/bin/bash</strong> process and have the name appear as “<strong class="kl jn">Nothing_To_See_Here</strong>”. The naming convention of the process is to fill in for a suspect binary or IOC running on the host.</p><figure class="ml mm mn mo gy mp gm gn paragraph-image"><div class="gm gn mx"><img alt="" class="cf mu mv" src="https://miro.medium.com/max/796/1*pCB59FN25A7hNlqkXa8JkA.png" width="398" height="81" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></div></figure><p id="27aa" class="pw-post-body-paragraph kj kk jm kl b km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg jf gb">The nature of the <strong class="kl jn">exec </strong>example used is to simulate a binary that can start without any command line arguments passed as we see in the <strong class="kl jn">ps -elf</strong> output.</p><figure class="ml mm mn mo gy mp gm gn paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="mq mr dp ms cf mt"><div class="gm gn my"><img alt="" class="cf mu mv" src="https://miro.medium.com/max/1400/1*aA4yPDpneM2i8ClW2Wwqjg.png" width="700" height="214" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></div></div></figure><p id="3b73" class="pw-post-body-paragraph kj kk jm kl b km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg jf gb">To ascertain the processes cgroup membership we have a couple options; we can utilize the <strong class="kl jn">systemd-cgls</strong> command previously discussed or we can take the processe’s pid and <strong class="kl jn">cat /proc/[PID]/cgroup</strong> as seen below.</p><figure class="ml mm mn mo gy mp gm gn paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="mq mr dp ms cf mt"><div class="gm gn mz"><img alt="" class="cf mu mv" src="https://miro.medium.com/max/1400/1*YSgiOUqIagobeL7SFKEoeg.png" width="700" height="224" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></div></div></figure><figure class="ml mm mn mo gy mp gm gn paragraph-image"><div class="gm gn na"><img alt="" class="cf mu mv" src="https://miro.medium.com/max/780/1*uXeN4Goatr_M_xCxbWmQkw.png" width="390" height="73" loading="lazy" role="presentation"/></div></figure><p id="83dc" class="pw-post-body-paragraph kj kk jm kl b km kn ko kp kq kr ks kt ku kv kw kx ky kz la lb lc ld le lf lg jf gb">Either method demonstrated above will yield the information you are looking for. Thus, the key for malware hunting via cgroups is to <strong class="kl jn">identify the suspect process via network connections or other means and check its cgroup status</strong>. Now with a logical eye one must decide <strong class="kl jn">if that process belongs in the particular slice that it is running in</strong>. If it does not secondary triage is strongly recommended.</p><h1 id="7a90" class="lh li jm bn lj lk ll lm ln lo lp lq lr ls lt lu lv lw lx ly lz ma mb mc md me gb"><strong class="ba">Additional Reading:</strong></h1><div class="nb nc gu gw nd ne"><a href="https://www.nginx.com/blog/what-are-namespaces-cgroups-how-do-they-work/" rel="noopener  ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><div class="nf o fs"><div class="ng o db dy eo nh"><h2 class="bn jn dn bp ft ni fv fw nj fy ga jl gb">What Are Namespaces and cgroups, and How Do They Work? - NGINX</h2><div class="nk l"><h3 class="bn b dn bp ft ni fv fw nj fy ga co">Dive deep into two Linux features that underlie containers: namespaces and cgroups. They enable process isolation…</h3></div><div class="nl l"><p class="bn b hj bp ft ni fv fw nj fy ga co">www.nginx.com</p></div></div><div class="nm l"><div class="nn l no np nq nm nr mu ne"></div></div></div></a></div><div class="nb nc gu gw nd ne"><a href="https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/resource_management_guide/ch01" rel="noopener  ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><div class="nf o fs"><div class="ng o db dy eo nh"><h2 class="bn jn dn bp ft ni fv fw nj fy ga jl gb">Chapter 1. Introduction to Control Groups (Cgroups) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 | Red Hat Customer…</h2><div class="nk l"><h3 class="bn b dn bp ft ni fv fw nj fy ga co">Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 provides a new kernel feature: control groups, which are called by their shorter name…</h3></div><div class="nl l"><p class="bn b hj bp ft ni fv fw nj fy ga co">access.redhat.com</p></div></div><div class="nm l"><div class="ns l no np nq nm nr mu ne"></div></div></div></a></div><div class="nb nc gu gw nd ne"><a href="https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/cgroups.7.html" rel="noopener  ugc nofollow" target="_blank"><div class="nf o fs"><div class="ng o db dy eo nh"><h2 class="bn jn dn bp ft ni fv fw nj fy ga jl gb">cgroups(7) - Linux manual page</h2><div class="nk l"><h3 class="bn b dn bp ft ni fv fw nj fy ga co">Under cgroups v1, each controller may be mounted against a separate cgroup filesystem that provides its own…</h3></div><div class="nl l"><p class="bn b hj bp ft ni fv fw nj fy ga 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Originally debuting in Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 and Linux 2.6.24, cgroups allow a user to allocate resources like CPU time, bandwidth across a network, or RAM. Cgroups provide administrators granular control of system resources along with process accounting, thus exponentially increasing efficiency.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":9,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":35,"end":49,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_2":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_2","name":"aee7","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Setting the Stage","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":17,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_3":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_3","name":"9a5b","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Processes in Linux are spawned by either fork() or execve() system calls and all processes on a Linux system are children of the init process, which is started by the kernel at boot. It should also be annotated that every process on a Linux system inherits the system environment (think PATH) except for the init process. Moreover, in the context of cgroups, a child process created via fork() will inherit its parent’s cgroup membership. Any process that is created with execve() will have its cgroup membership preserved.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":41,"end":47,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":51,"end":59,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":113,"end":142,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":248,"end":279,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":308,"end":313,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":387,"end":393,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":399,"end":437,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":472,"end":480,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":495,"end":522,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_4":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_4","name":"4687","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"A Quick Detour","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":14,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_5":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_5","name":"fb1a","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"To integrate our first malware hunting example, lets say there is a Linux device with a meterpreter binary called “atd”. As any casual Linux user will know “atd” is the legitimate precusor to the cron daemon and it can still be found on a variety of systems. Lets assume our threat actor has achieved root level permission on our compromised host and the atd malicious binary is their backdoor into the system. Scanning the output of a ps -elf command might not yield anything suspect as the atd binary was started with no command line arguments. (The legit atd binary will always be run with a -f command line argument, but for this example lets pretend like our incident response team missed that simple fact). However, when one examines the cgroup membership of that specific process with the methods taught below it will be clear that binary is illicit as it will show up in the user.slice cgroup. System binaries that are started by the kernel will always be in the system.slice not the user.slice cgroup. This is a dead give away that malicious activity has occurred on the system.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":115,"end":118,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":157,"end":160,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":196,"end":208,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":301,"end":305,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":306,"end":322,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":355,"end":359,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":436,"end":444,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":492,"end":496,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":595,"end":597,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":744,"end":751,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":883,"end":893,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":954,"end":1009,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_6":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_6","name":"a3e0","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"CGroup Basics","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":13,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_7":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_7","name":"b60a","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"With that out of the way, let's dive into examining cgroups through examples. Fundamentally cgroups are hierarchical, and a child cgroup inherits a multitude of attributes from its parent cgroup. This allows an organized hierarchical process view in terms of malware hunting. Running the command systemd-cgls — no-pager allows a malware hunter to view all the cgroups on a system. Ensure this command is run with root permissions!","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":100,"end":116,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":124,"end":194,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":296,"end":319,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*AT9fRfWCJ-xLVP8SF-O5Og.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*AT9fRfWCJ-xLVP8SF-O5Og.png","originalHeight":866,"originalWidth":1024,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_8":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_8","name":"252d","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*AT9fRfWCJ-xLVP8SF-O5Og.png"},"text":"","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_9":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_9","name":"5fc8","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"We can see from the above output the user.slice and then all the other various processes subordinate to the user.slice cgroup. Moreover, shown are the full command-line arguments used to either fork() or execve() each process. This can immediately cue a savvy hunter onto suspicious activity on a Linux system that would be difficult to identify via other means.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":37,"end":47,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":108,"end":125,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":194,"end":200,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":204,"end":212,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_10":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_10","name":"c989","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Take the below example. We can see the highlighted systemd-udev.service and the binary associated to the service (\u002Flib\u002Fsystemd\u002Fsystemd-udevd). It would be remiss not to note that this is the legitimate path to the udev.service binary. This all is normal for the system.slice annotated at #67. However what if we were to notice “systemd-udevd.service” running in the context of the user.slice? That certainly wouldn't add up and would require additional forensics to ascertain the binaries' true nature. The beauty of hunting via cgroups is user activity vice kernal activity is easy to spot, and thus discrepancies become glaring.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":51,"end":71,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":114,"end":142,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":186,"end":187,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":288,"end":291,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":328,"end":349,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":381,"end":391,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*gDn651EQNAqnPbJs3WRavQ.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*gDn651EQNAqnPbJs3WRavQ.png","originalHeight":266,"originalWidth":521,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_11":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_11","name":"5e9b","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*gDn651EQNAqnPbJs3WRavQ.png"},"text":"","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_12":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_12","name":"93e9","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"To illustrate this concept lets spawn a \u002Fbin\u002Fbash process and have the name appear as “Nothing_To_See_Here”. The naming convention of the process is to fill in for a suspect binary or IOC running on the host.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":40,"end":49,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":87,"end":106,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*pCB59FN25A7hNlqkXa8JkA.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*pCB59FN25A7hNlqkXa8JkA.png","originalHeight":81,"originalWidth":398,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_13":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_13","name":"ea63","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*pCB59FN25A7hNlqkXa8JkA.png"},"text":"","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_14":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_14","name":"27aa","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"The nature of the exec example used is to simulate a binary that can start without any command line arguments passed as we see in the ps -elf output.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":18,"end":23,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":134,"end":141,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*aA4yPDpneM2i8ClW2Wwqjg.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*aA4yPDpneM2i8ClW2Wwqjg.png","originalHeight":284,"originalWidth":933,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_15":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_15","name":"247c","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*aA4yPDpneM2i8ClW2Wwqjg.png"},"text":"","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_16":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_16","name":"3b73","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"To ascertain the processes cgroup membership we have a couple options; we can utilize the systemd-cgls command previously discussed or we can take the processe’s pid and cat \u002Fproc\u002F[PID]\u002Fcgroup as seen below.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":90,"end":102,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null},{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":170,"end":192,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*YSgiOUqIagobeL7SFKEoeg.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*YSgiOUqIagobeL7SFKEoeg.png","originalHeight":604,"originalWidth":1892,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_17":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_17","name":"a6ae","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*YSgiOUqIagobeL7SFKEoeg.png"},"text":"","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*uXeN4Goatr_M_xCxbWmQkw.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*uXeN4Goatr_M_xCxbWmQkw.png","originalHeight":73,"originalWidth":390,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_18":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_18","name":"2447","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*uXeN4Goatr_M_xCxbWmQkw.png"},"text":"","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:e2c8ec4b5957_19":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"e2c8ec4b5957_19","name":"83dc","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Either method demonstrated above will yield the information you are looking for. 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